https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles daily 1.0 2026-01-30 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/retinopathy-of-prematurity-coffee-book monthly 0.5 2025-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1f0ab093-b58d-4c23-bd0d-8d5a3af37b3d/ROP.png Articles - Retinopathy of Prematurity (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Research and text by Ansam Qaddoumi, B.S., B.A. Editing by Brent E. Aebi, M.D. and Kevin E. Lai, M.D. Formatting by Ansam Qaddoumi, B.S., B.A.. and Kevin E. Lai, M.D. All image sources cited in document. Created in Canva. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/24eaadc5-e939-4fee-bcce-cb0a2f50c06e/ROP+zones+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Retinopathy of Prematurity (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Figure 1: Zone borders and clock hours per ICROP3. Chiang MF, Quinn GE, Fielder AR, Ostmo SR, Paul Chan RV, Berrocal A, Binenbaum G, Blair M, Peter Campbell J, Capone A Jr, Chen Y, Dai S, Ells A, Fleck BW, Good WV, Elizabeth Hartnett M, Holmstrom G, Kusaka S, Kychenthal A, Lepore D, Lorenz B, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Özdek Ş, Ademola-Popoola D, Reynolds JD, Shah PK, Shapiro M, Stahl A, Toth C, Vinekar A, Visser L, Wallace DK, Wu WC, Zhao P, Zin A. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition. Ophthalmology. 2021 Oct;128(10):e51-e68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.031. Epub 2021 Jul 8. PMID: 34247850; PMCID: PMC10979521. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10979521/ Reproduced for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/0890bd6a-ceee-4bc7-8cda-2ba506457dec/ROP+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Retinopathy of Prematurity (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Figure 2: Plus disease spectrum per ICROP3. Chiang MF, Quinn GE, Fielder AR, Ostmo SR, Paul Chan RV, Berrocal A, Binenbaum G, Blair M, Peter Campbell J, Capone A Jr, Chen Y, Dai S, Ells A, Fleck BW, Good WV, Elizabeth Hartnett M, Holmstrom G, Kusaka S, Kychenthal A, Lepore D, Lorenz B, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Özdek Ş, Ademola-Popoola D, Reynolds JD, Shah PK, Shapiro M, Stahl A, Toth C, Vinekar A, Visser L, Wallace DK, Wu WC, Zhao P, Zin A. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition. Ophthalmology. 2021 Oct;128(10):e51-e68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.031. Epub 2021 Jul 8. PMID: 34247850; PMCID: PMC10979521. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10979521/ Reproduced for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/aab5f111-4556-4eeb-9a3f-7d93f357b0af/ROP+When+To+Screen+Timeline.png Articles - Retinopathy of Prematurity (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Figure by Kevin E. Lai, M.D. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/b54f2991-6fc3-42e3-877d-03856c2f67ef/ROP+Follow-up+Interval.png Articles - Retinopathy of Prematurity (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Table by Kevin E. Lai, M.D. and Ansam Qaddoumi, B.S., B.A. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/hla-b27-anterior-uveitis monthly 0.5 2025-08-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/097e8ddf-adcc-45fa-adbf-89cd634e10d1/Basic+eye+anatomy.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out The uvea is composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Image from the National Eye Institute. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/24f6474c-ea5f-4cfa-ab52-462fe2d3670d/Acute+anterior+uveitis+with+ciliary+flush+in+ankylosing+spondylitis+%28Medscape%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Acute anterior uveitis with ciliary flush in ankylosing spondylitis. Image from Medscape. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/4391f0a2-a8d0-43c2-9e39-7e6aa9e01f7e/Keratoderma+bleorrhagicum+%28NEJM%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Keratoderma blenorrhagicum is a characteristic skin finding in reactive arthritis. Image from The New England Journal of Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/2beccfc4-cdbf-49a1-af33-f591cc48024b/Diffuse+scleritis+%28IBD%29+%28World+Journal+of+Gastroenterology%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Diffuse scleritis in a patient with IBD. Image from World Journal of Gastroenterology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/b5e74d77-873a-42cb-b24a-d419834ecbc9/Acute+anterior+uveitis+-+cell+and+flare.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out High magnification slit beam photo demonstrating cell and flare. Image from Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/3a9fae78-1f6e-423a-aa71-fefdb05e7736/Keratic+precipitates+%28AAO%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Keratic precipitates in anterior uveitis. Image from American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/44a98f19-efed-40a6-a090-d831f43a18b6/Posterior+synechiae+%28EyeRounds%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Posterior synechiae in a patient with panuveitis. Image from EyeRounds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/4de77f0e-254a-4d1d-b1df-b1b32c470159/Severe+anterior+uveitis+with+fibrinous+reaction+and+hypopyon+formation+%28Retina+Image+Bank%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Severe anterior uveitis with fibrinous reaction and hypopyon formation. Image from Retina Image Bank. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/b36fab71-5b5b-4956-acdc-0db121f92b0d/Fibrinous+membrane+%28IJO%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Fibrinous membrane in the anterior chamber. Image from Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/c21d9621-ba44-4801-8e78-e7e3592a84c0/Vitreous+haze+%28International+Journal+of+Retina+and+Vitreous%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Demonstration of vitreous haze. Image from the International Journal of Retina and Vitreous. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/0ab17fb3-e292-4ddc-ba47-9ad812851030/Choroiditis+%28Retina+Associates%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Fundus photo of choroiditis. Image from Retina Associates. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/e35c576f-5b46-4ead-8baf-f11bcdc1467a/Retinal+vasculitis+%28Moran+CORE%29.jpg Articles - HLA-B27 Anterior Uveitis - Make it stand out Fundus photo of retinal vasculitis. Image from University of Utah Moran CORE. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/corneal-iron-lines monthly 0.5 2025-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/173fb49a-3cf7-4d42-a26c-6bb0fd974bfc/Keratoconus+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 1. Fleischer ring in keratoconus (6) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/26044879-1fae-4dfc-a707-7248a7c3e003/Hudson-Sta%CC%88hli+line+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 2: Hudson-Stähli Line (6) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/a1e0c743-8d5e-40b2-8c4d-3eb52a91576d/Stocker+line+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 3: Stocker Line (6) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/c117427e-7af6-4b25-9803-2c5f69df23c8/Ferry+Line+%28article%29.jpg Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 4: Ferry Line (7) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/ec7ad7a0-0f2a-42ee-8f10-67f7bd60c6c3/Corneal+iron+lines.png Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/a36ded50-c714-4b0a-8d7d-09b2ac28e4fa/Iron+line+%28article%29+1.png Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 5. Perls Prussian blue stain in a corneal iron line (13) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/34e92a47-6153-4e85-ba31-e74a19dde426/Iron+line+%28article%29+2.png Articles - Corneal Iron Lines - Make it stand out Figure 6. Fleischer ring with Perls Prussian blue stain (13) https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/diabetic-retinopathy-coffee-table-book monthly 0.5 2025-08-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/0efae7c8-3177-41c1-bd66-9452a3d539ae/Diabetic+Retinopathy+%281.75x%29.png Articles - Diabetic Retinopathy (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Research and text by DiAnna Rowe Presley, B.A. Editing by Brent E. Aebi, M.D. and Kevin E. Lai, M.D. Formatting by DiAnna Rowe Presley, B.A. and Kevin E. Lai, M.D. All image sources cited in document. Created in Canva. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/b160ce9a-8ebd-47d2-9ba5-e7c981cb56f0/NPDR+classification.png Articles - Diabetic Retinopathy (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Classification of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/ef06b98f-5868-4a64-b66a-3f04ded76466/Recommended+Diabetic+Retinopathy+Exam+Schedule.png Articles - Diabetic Retinopathy (Coffee Table Book) - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/what-makes-something-high-yield monthly 0.5 2025-02-04 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/venns-puzzle-1 monthly 0.5 2024-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/b5ae7973-f5bb-446b-939d-05fc95eab9ee/Venns+Puzzle+1.png Articles - Venns Puzzle 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ophthalmology-learning-framework monthly 0.5 2024-06-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/9a811216-89dd-47ce-a362-df2c7813514d/Educational+Framework.jpg Articles - Ophthalmology Learning Framework - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/recommended-diabetic-retinopathy-exam-schedule monthly 0.5 2024-05-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/ef06b98f-5868-4a64-b66a-3f04ded76466/Recommended+Diabetic+Retinopathy+Exam+Schedule.png Articles - Recommended Diabetic Retinopathy Exam Schedule - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/papilledema-coffee-table-book-page monthly 0.5 2024-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/2b3280a3-f9de-4262-a00c-ec708ff2b4b7/Papilledema+%28Graphic+Art+Poster%29.jpg Articles - Papilledema (Coffee Table Book Page) - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/effective-study-strategies-webinar monthly 0.5 2023-10-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1696941755083-CI3LV144GGNKVP2FJKMB/Effective+Learning+Strategies+Webinar+Title.jpg Articles - Free Webinar: Effective Study Strategies For Ophthalmology Residency - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/okap-review-calendar monthly 0.5 2023-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/0b517a9c-93cb-4a39-bcd7-80d62bf36ab4/OKAP+review+calendar+-+February+2023.jpg Articles - OKAP Review Calendar - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/integrative-reviewing monthly 0.5 2023-02-01 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/daily-study-calendar monthly 0.5 2023-01-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/9f749627-bbbe-4e51-90c4-daac86d8a38a/Week+1_+The+Afferent+Visual+System.jpg Articles - Daily Study Calendar - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/binocular-eye-movements monthly 0.5 2023-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/6208321e-919d-4933-a411-202493a1bc48/51-Oculomotor+Terminology-Fusion+table.jpg Articles - Binocular (Fusion) Eye Movements - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/community-preview monthly 0.5 2022-08-04 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ggl6q8b683avs8bzgxbqg01b8kpgnb monthly 0.5 2022-07-17 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/newest-bcsc-edition-is-out monthly 0.5 2022-06-25 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/glaucoma-study-guide monthly 0.5 2022-06-12 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/study-methods-preferred-by-ophthalmology-learners monthly 0.5 2022-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/bef6c742-b2c8-401d-8e95-5048a51d546c/Test+Studied.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 1. Distribution of tests studied for by respondents (n=518). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/750f18ab-7347-4668-8cd2-47133e22ac60/Study+Methods+%28Total%29+-+color+coded.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 2. Distribution of preferred study methods (n=439). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/dbd1e107-cd0d-4701-a95c-d52e15367461/Study+Methods+%28OKAP%29.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 3. Proportion of study methods preferred by respondents preparing for the OKAP (n=349). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/74ac7951-0009-4caa-afc4-90733e7f3843/Study+Methods+%28WQE%29.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 4. Proportion of study methods preferred by respondents preparing for the WQE (n=51). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/3d8bdb55-8a1e-41c4-87a4-bcf5f8524dc9/Study+Methods+%28OBE%29.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 5. Proportion of study methods preferred by respondents preparing for the OBE (n=39). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/2fa05779-4385-41c7-9ea5-9f035b2ff090/Study+Methods+%28ICO%29.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 6. Proportion of study methods preferred by respondents preparing for the ICO exam (n=63). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/4c804554-0793-4f0b-9aac-1a8e40e95a84/Study+Methods+%28Other%29.png Articles - Study Methods Preferred By Ophthalmology Learners - Make it stand out Figure 7. Proportion of study methods preferred by respondents preparing for other exams (n=125). https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/cornea-study-guide monthly 0.5 2021-12-08 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ophthalmology-study-topic-checklist monthly 0.5 2021-11-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1635880752888-XLCDMPB92EIW3F6MX583/Screen+Shot+2021-08-13+at+10.08.43+PM.png Articles - Ophthalmology Study Topic Checklist - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/book-review-review-of-ophthalmology-3rd-ed monthly 0.5 2021-09-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1630524245495-DFYEKQJGABJXC6KHSGHL/ReviewOfOphthalmology3rdEd.jpg Articles - Book Review: Review of Ophthalmology, 3rd Ed - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/book-review-make-it-stick monthly 0.5 2021-08-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1628178778988-88387OL4LW7LT2PPRCMG/Make+It+Stick+cover.jpg Articles - Book Review: Make It Stick - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/random-topic-generator monthly 0.5 2021-06-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/learning-ophthalmology-again monthly 0.5 2021-05-05 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/sphenoid-bone monthly 0.5 2021-04-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619380130246-557LT399T7FICI7UUJ8Y/Sphenoid+Bone.png Articles - Sphenoid Bone https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/superior-orbital-fissure-and-orbital-apex monthly 0.5 2021-04-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619379896549-HHFQN3FNDV4XP2O9MSU7/Superior+Orbital+Fissure+and+Orbital+Apex.png Articles - Superior Orbital Fissure and Orbital Apex https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/localization-of-third-nerve-cn3-palsies monthly 0.5 2021-04-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619379254953-43K6GGCJ9JS7619UE2ZF/CN+III+Syndromes.png Articles - Localization of Third Nerve (CN3) Palsies https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/the-cn3-nuclear-complex monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619378800410-S9R30AJSJTQUGCKNH4CP/Cranial+Nerve+III+Nuclear+Complex.png Articles - The CN3 Nuclear Complex https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/the-oculosympathetic-pathway monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619132949870-A4C0W4T6JIJK7K1NZRQR/Oculosympathetic+Pathway.png Articles - The Oculosympathetic Pathway https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/the-light-reflex-pathway monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619132123917-40LJM8AOXP90Q4EYA2YJ/Light+Reflex+Pathway.png Articles - The Light Reflex Pathway https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/the-afferent-visual-pathway monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1619132067376-XF17976VLQOKO0PH8M2T/Afferent+Visual+Pathway.png Articles - The Afferent Visual Pathway https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/optic-pit monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618800967428-2FK2LR07SL071K5TW6IC/Optic+Pit.png Articles - Optic Pit https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/superior-segment-hypoplasia monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618570219375-EGSMHFMZ8LKCH5A32Z8B/Superior+segment+hypoplasia.png Articles - Superior Segment Hypoplasia (Topless Disc Syndrome) https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/morning-glory-disc-anomaly monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618569355445-4JBR9L152ZQ5GK5FMTQB/Morning+Glory+Disc+Anomaly+1.png Articles - Morning Glory Disc Anomaly https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618569380225-IFDNUCNHTW1QSOETF5TF/Morning+Glory+Disc+Anomaly+2.png Articles - Morning Glory Disc Anomaly https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/congenital-tilted-disc-syndrome monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618404026905-DO8EM4REAKNBU18UWM1M/Congenital+Tilted+Disc+Syndrome.png Articles - Congenital Tilted Disc Syndrome https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/optic-nerve-hypoplasia monthly 0.5 2021-04-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1618330625975-SCCJL3CAVEG5DECT9MRK/Optic+Nerve+Hypoplasia.png Articles - Optic Nerve Hypoplasia https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/4-tips-to-prep-for-okap-with-the-bcsc monthly 0.5 2020-07-06 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/2019-2020-bcsc-reading-schedule monthly 0.5 2019-09-04 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/lee-lectures monthly 0.5 2019-07-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/mini-atlas monthly 0.5 2019-06-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ophthalmology-basics-study-guide-9ncna monthly 0.5 2019-03-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/horner-syndrome-pharmacologic-diagnosis monthly 0.5 2019-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1550058752831-S85QTK7VWQL50D573MNE/Horner%27s+Syndrome+%28AA0_6596%29.jpg Articles - Horner Syndrome: Pharmacologic Diagnosis Left Horner syndrome. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1550232594801-LMJ02CJUJXSTZEIG3I8N/Horner+syndrome+-+Cocaine+test+%28Kanagalingam+and+Miller%29.jpg Articles - Horner Syndrome: Pharmacologic Diagnosis Cocaine test for Horner syndrome (19). A. Before drops administered (suspected right Horner syndrome). B. After drops administered. Note that there is some pupil dilation in the right eye, but the amount of anisocoria is ≥1 mm. Image credit: Kanagalingam S, Miller NR. Eye Brain 2015;7:35-46. Available online. Used under the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1550325353953-5FKRMSKMWFVRT5Q2T8IS/Horner+syndrome+-+Apraclonidine+test+%28Kanagalingam+and+Miller%29.jpg Articles - Horner Syndrome: Pharmacologic Diagnosis Apraclonidine test for Horner syndrome (19). A. Before drops administered (suspected left Horner syndrome). B. After drops administered. Note the slight “reversal of anisocoria” in the left eye and the resolution of ptosis. Image credit: Kanagalingam S, Miller NR. Eye Brain 2015;7:35-46. Available online. Used under the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1550663196706-I7DHO1H6UB4UMAKQ63SO/Hydroxyamphetamine+test.png Articles - Horner Syndrome: Pharmacologic Diagnosis Hydroxyamphetamine test for Horner syndrome (19, 21). A. Before drops administered (suspected right Horner syndrome). B. After drops administered. Note the dilation of both pupils. This indicates an intact 3rd-order, postganglionic neuron and localizes the lesion to the 1st-order (central) or 2nd-order (preganglionic) neuron. Image credit: Modified from clinical images courtesy of Lanning B. Kline, M.D. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/introduction-to-clinical-prisms monthly 0.5 2018-08-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533138584378-DO418F6AFXVBCP65V4Y9/AA0_17923.jpg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms (Illustration developed by Edmond H. Thall, MD, and Kevin M. Miller, MD, and rendered by C. H. Wooley.) Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533144445705-QZRBL5UC8B3UFLRT480T/Trial+lens+prisms.jpg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms Glass prisms in a trial lens set. Image credit: Bernell.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533144322931-CJH0JRXIR00N8F7Q5QF6/Loose+lens+prisms.jpg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms Loose plastic prisms. Image credit: eBay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533144603349-BTRA320UXZUUIQJMOG5F/Prism+bars.jpg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms Plastic prism bars. Image credit: Gulden Ophthalmics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533145056475-8F4E8HARLUYLU8SA9963/How+to+hold+prisms.png Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms Correct positions for holding glass and plastic prisms. Illustration developed by Edmond H. Thall, M.D., and Kevin M. Miller, M.D., and rendered by C. H. Wooley. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533149645351-ZMUBXXR7UKLIVGUSJ4C2/Red+glass+test.001.jpeg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms In a patient with normal alignment (orthophoria), the patient will report seeing only one circle/light (red or white, depending on which eye is dominant). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533149724945-E6EGVX4ZYRZHFHQ3J67P/Red+glass+test.002.jpeg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1533150105805-Y15NP3AK6X8MF9D03FUP/Red+glass+test.003.jpeg Articles - Introduction To Clinical Prisms https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ophthalmology-basics-study-guide monthly 0.5 2018-07-30 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/studying-after-failing-a-test monthly 0.5 2018-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1526488223115-LCZE3ADE7O70B568IIM7/Study+Reading+Plan+Checklist.png Articles - Studying After Failing A Test https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/neuro-ophthalmology-study-guide monthly 0.5 2018-05-09 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/clinical-optics-made-easy monthly 0.5 2018-04-30 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/glaucoma-genetics monthly 0.5 2018-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1522001118166-TG7UBCIR0VTQ0SUPLF9L/Glaucoma+genetics.png Articles - Glaucoma Genetics https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/most-commons-general-ocular-disease-and-trauma monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521652422624-MKONVTDPMO78R0RMWFRX/Most+common+general+and+trauma.png Articles - Most Commons: General Ocular Disease And Trauma https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/last-minute-okap-review monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/hydroxychloroquine-and-chloroquine-screening-2016-aao-recommendations monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521651498701-9O61MNKUZNT5DM846W79/Plaquenil+toxicity+1.jpg Articles - Hydroxychloroquine And Chloroquine Screening (2016 AAO Recommendations) https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/congenital-nystagmus-mnemonic-4-a monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/website-review-eyeguru monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521650406164-UIZD8A27T219I0PELYY5/EyeGuru+Front.png Articles - Website Review: EyeGuru https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521650586767-FW18T1RCAWPZP9AVCQ8X/EyeGuru+AMD+screen.png Articles - Website Review: EyeGuru https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/diagnostic-criteria-ptc monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521648854948-7DNPH8NFZULA17VN4L3G/Papilledema+1.jpg Articles - Diagnostic Criteria For Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) Papilledema. No one wants to see this on a Friday afternoon. Image credit: Wikipedia https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/ciliary-ganglion monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521647761534-EKRTIOOWDKL23REN4SVU/Lateral_orbit_nerves.jpg Articles - Ciliary Ganglion The ciliary ganglion lies temporal to the ophthalmic artery, inbetween the lateral rectus and optic nerve. It is approximately 1.5-2.0 cm (15-20 mm) posterior to the globe and 1.0 cm (10 mm) anterior to the Annulus of Zinn and the superior orbital fissure. Image credit: Wikipedia. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/phakomatoses-overview monthly 0.5 2018-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521479002962-YD6B1NV4ASPNECR3AEQ9/Phakomatoses+-+Genetics.png Articles - Phakomatoses: Overview https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521478954949-YLW64FHJVM4T9HO3JLDN/Phakomatoses+-+clinical+features.001.jpeg Articles - Phakomatoses: Overview https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/conditions-with-increased-risk-of-glaucoma monthly 0.5 2018-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521333807256-91H5NHILC6ZLMH5CWPGT/Nevus+of+Ota+2.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521334000565-JZBMQAG5W3YQ1IX1BBC5/Sturge+Weber+syndrome.JPG Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: MRCOphth.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521334170814-QJQ2DP5V3SYFJ2SVLNHC/Plexiform+neurofibroma+1.gif Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: Cannon TC, Carter KD, Brown HH. Neurogenic tumors of the orbit. Ento Key. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521312670280-E3K8IILRIVX57FZVSNUE/Microcornea+1.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521312743657-TZ7DP02W4Y22YI1VGQO1/Sclerocornea+1.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: Pinterest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521312829680-MFLB9Y466XN9J43ORWHA/Peters+anomaly+1.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: studyblue.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521312905682-E770YMI9SA35S539CXQQ/PPMD+1.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, with vesicular-type lesions noted. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521312978392-FLQKP53P00YOVCKSL1PP/Axenfeld-Rieger+1.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Note the anteriorly displaced Schwalbe line (posterior embryotoxon), thinned and stretched iris that leads to corectopia, and peripheral anterior synechiae in the angle that may cause glaucoma. Image credit: molvis.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521313077519-4QMR5INJCL2NT8N6TMQG/Fuchs+heterochromic+iridocyclitis+1.png Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Iris heterochromia. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521313197274-B7IQUH37KS2YFVATCZSJ/Aniridia+6.jpg Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521333640620-UA55J3XQM29FMV8E6F5X/Conditions+associated+with+glaucoma.png Articles - Conditions With Increased Risk Of Glaucoma https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/follicular-conjunctivitis monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521310517830-8XJ3MDGPT86XHG6PEM8V/Follicular+conjunctivitis+1.jpg Articles - Follicular Conjunctivitis Follicular conjunctivitis. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521310598465-5YF6NS45UGIIH2TOCSTN/Follicular+conjunctivitis+2.jpg Articles - Follicular Conjunctivitis Histopathology of follicular conjunctivitis. Image credit: Online Journal of Ophthalmology. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/fetal-alcohol-syndrome monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521290531954-9RBN67CF8BONVITHOOQ4/Fetal+alcohol+syndrome.jpg Articles - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Facial signs in fetal alcohol syndrome. Image credit: The National Institutes of Health. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/causes-of-symblepharon monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521197442625-TSLZV3ND5H1OQ5E9LRVY/Symblepharon+1.jpg Articles - Causes of Symblepharon Symblepharon. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521197584566-DETON6PWB5D320BR1RKR/Symblepharon+2.JPG Articles - Causes of Symblepharon https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/collagen-types monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520561512716-BSNKOGUNHMHXLED5NXY8/Collagen+types.png Articles - Collagen Types https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/embryologic-development-of-the-eye monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520521395007-7ZTTMO2HHXSG8UTHC2LA/Embryology+1.jpeg Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye Remember diagrams like this in medical school? Don't worry, you won't need to know anything this detailed for the OKAP. Image credit: studyblue.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520524086322-04MKDWXVXAVB67CSM6Y0/Embryologic+tissue+derivatives.png Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520524399165-SJQWB8V8AS6HVLPI2U4B/Gestational+development.png Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520524942889-EWZAK1DNM665PGBFDP81/Embryologic+structure+correlates.png Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520525148191-OAWO5ZDFFYNEYFG0UWXR/Hypertelorism.jpg Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye Severe orbital hypertelorism, before and after surgery. Image credit: smbalaji.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520525515856-G4HA5Z30DRFXDVHTOME3/Treacher-Collins+syndrome.png Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye Treacher Collins-Franceschetti Syndrome, before and after surgery. Image credit: craniofacial.net. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520525867312-65M9R8TS4GAR11B023U8/Goldenhar+syndrome+1.jpg Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye Goldenhar syndrome with limbal dermoid and preauricular skin tags. Image credit: Gaurkar SP, Gupta KD, Parmar KS, Shah BJ. Goldenhar syndrome: A report of 3 cases. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2013:58(3);244. Available online. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520526091925-F64308S0YBTHPZ3O49A9/Fetal+alcohol+syndrome.jpg Articles - Embryologic Development Of The Eye Fetal alcohol syndrome. Image credit: kidstoadopt.org. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/congenital-optic-disc-anomalies monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454068278-NZE954JWSSI6566D5C43/ON+hypoplasia.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Optic nerve hypoplasia. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org, hosted at the University of Arizona. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454191271-4QQA2UAB9VZA22RGYEAZ/Absent+septum+pellucidum.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies A patient with optic nerve hypoplasia and absent septum pellucidum. An absent septum pellucidum is not indicative of any specific pathology. Image credit: Al-Senawi R, Al-Jabri B, Al-Zuhaibi S, Al-Azri F, Al-Yarubi S, Harikrishna B, Al-Futaisi A, Ganesh A. Septo-optic dysplasia complex: Clinical and radiological manifestations in Omani children. Oman J Ophthalmol [serial online] 2013 [cited 2016 Feb 15];6:193-8. Available from: http://www.ojoonline.org/text.asp?2013/6/3/193/122277. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454323450-LH7E9FS4H4RHM60CXMU7/Posterior+pituitary+ectopia.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Posterior pituitary ectopia (arrow head). Note the relative hypointensity of the pituitary gland, and the hyperintensity of the posterior pituitary stalk. Image credit: Al-Senawi R, Al-Jabri B, Al-Zuhaibi S, Al-Azri F, Al-Yarubi S, Harikrishna B, Al-Futaisi A, Ganesh A. Septo-optic dysplasia complex: Clinical and radiological manifestations in Omani children. Oman J Ophthalmol [serial online] 2013 [cited 2016 Feb 14];6:193-8. Available from: http://www.ojoonline.org/text.asp?2013/6/3/193/122277. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454568427-TXOTGY4V4KV0U3L9CML9/ON+hypoplasia+2+%28histopath%29.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Histopathology of optic nerve hypoplasia. It is described as decreased number of ON axons with normal mesodermal elements and glial supporting tissue. Image credit: pathguy.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454736190-UUNCQRFX22BCBEM3L6LQ/Superior+segmental+optic+nerve+hypoplasia+1.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454881053-RL5LLQK84BUXQD4NL8S7/Superior+segmental+optic+nerve+hypoplasia+2.png Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Inferior visual field defects associated with superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia. Image credit: Fovea.ir. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520454961084-8RYQKWJVKKO721XBPSRR/Tilted+discs+1.png Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Tilted Disc. Image credit: StudyBlue.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455034377-Q40TI11VKXZMDZF9UD74/Tilted+discs+2.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Goldmann perimetry demonstrating the pseudo-bitemporal hemianopic defect, preferentially affecting the mid-sized isopters, not respecting the vertical midline (arrows). Image credit: Manfre L, Vero S, Focarelli-Barone C, Lagalla R. Bitemporal Pseudohemianopia Related to the ‘‘Tilted Disk’’ Syndrome: CT, MR, and Fundoscopic Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1750-1751. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455124558-KFJ9H3WXYKZ8WSQ6VS6Z/Optic+pit.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Optic pit. Note the inferotemporal location of the pit. Image credit: mrcophth.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455226239-NWC1G6II6X2P05MNI7YK/Optic+pit+2+%28Serous+RD%29.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Large macular serous retinal detachment in association with an optic pit. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455298502-FS8HDOYQF41C182ABSV8/Optic+pit+2+%28Serous+RD+-+OCT%29.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies SD-OCT showing a large serous retinal detachment in the case of a optic pit. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455468847-623142N2UDJEFOY6X0BX/ON+coloboma+1.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Optic nerve coloboma. Image credit: Online Journal of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455702368-QFMN0QYM4ZTMCIQDB69I/Morning+glory+disc+anomaly.png Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Morning glory disc anomaly. Image credit: Research Gate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520455833691-422PPBB2OIU3LM6JUREG/Morning+glory+flower.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies Morning glory flower. Image credit: www.formlainc.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520456109287-WXM5S5Y9X1XD2TA5HO3Z/Morning_Glory_Pool.jpg Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies The Morning Glory pool at Yellowstone. Image credit: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520456970177-SA608C615J38B0E6WEDD/Congenital+disc+anomalies.png Articles - Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/optociliary-shunt-vessels monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520447599197-R4SDED2Q0O325B1XN2WL/Optociliary+shunt+vessels+1.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Optociliary (retinochoroidal) shunt vessels. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520447669524-D1OBFSW6OEJ4T791HBCY/ONSM+1.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels MRI of a patient with a right optic nerve sheath meningioma (red arrows). Image from: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520447738781-A2O1RF2F0JIETXT8TREK/Optic+nerve+glioma+1.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Axial MRI of a left optic nerve glioma (1). Image from: pedsoncologyeducation.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520447871613-M0IBRJADQ1SFPWURTD9A/CRVO+1.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Central retinal vein occlusion with cilioretinal artery occlusion. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520448000461-H8ES011XMFJL997WAPCQ/Optociliary+shunt+vessels+2+%28CRVO%29.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Optociliary shunt vessels in chronic CRVO. Image credit: Medscape. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520448082115-NIFOO1131R9BE6TSHU67/Stages+of+papilledema.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Stages of papilledema. Image credit: slideshare.net. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520448137442-ALRJT0LPWT3UEAJ1LYM5/Sphenoid+wing+meningioma+1.jpg Articles - Optociliary Shunt Vessels Axial MRI of a left sphenoid wing meningioma. Image credit: Radiopaedia.org. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/papilledema monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520353316391-XW3TMXE9AXRKQ1IKBARI/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Papilledema Image credit: University of Iowa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520353446954-309EO6CDXMB2CYSSOYJT/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Papilledema Chronic papilledema. The optic nerves remain elevated with blurred margins, with feathering of the retinal nerve fiber layer. The nerve can become more atrophic and pale. Retinochoroidal (optociliary) shunt vessels can form due to the chronic outflow obstruction (black arrow in left image). Refractile bodies representing lipid exudates can also be seen (black arrow in right image). Image credit: Acheson JF. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and visual function. Br Med Bull. 2006;79-80:233-244. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520353588217-1SPGJB633VEYUM0ZI58I/Cerebral+venous+thrombosis+1.jpg Articles - Papilledema MRV demonstrating thrombosis of the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses (black arrows). Image credit: Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown Jr. RD, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Stroke. 2011;42:1158-1192. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520353655734-8XCARYHASW427HITRUZ1/Foster+Kennedy+syndrome.jpg Articles - Papilledema Foster Kennedy Syndrome. It is classically described as ipsilateral optic atrophy with contralateral papilledema in the setting of a compressive optic neuropathy. In this case, the lesion would be compressing the left optic nerve. Image credit: Pastora-Salvador N, Peralta-Calvo J. Foster Kennedy syndrome: papilledema in one eye with optic atrophy in the other eye. CMAJ. 2011;183:2135. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520353725225-GIQ35JSUUI8EHTDGDMIO/POEMS+1.jpg Articles - Papilledema An overview of the findings in POEMS syndrome. Image credit: Dispenzieri A, Buadi FK. A review of POEMS syndrome. Oncology (Williston Park). 2013;27:1242-50. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/lacrimal-gland-tumors monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349156180-NVOLTCPMH26YOSIKZ7P8/Lacrimal+gland+histology.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Normal lacrimal gland histology. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349251525-X6GYXNSWZN4J02HTUQFR/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors External exam of orbital lymphoma. Note the "salmon patch" appearance of the conjunctiva, which is a key clinical descriptor of orbital lymphoproliferative conditions. Image credit: khanfacial.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349319650-84P0ZWUM8HD9H97172IM/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors CT coronal scan showing the putty-like molding of orbital lymphoma to ocular structures. Image credit: sarawakeyecare.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349420044-LOXQ03KNPYLXX79IXO92/Orbital+lymphoma+3.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of MALT lymphoma. Note the relatively uniform appearance of the blue cells. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349508103-KOXBLMSZ7I3BPS64SOIQ/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors CT axial image of a large lacrimal gland mass. It is well-encapsulated, reflecting the pseudoencapsulation of the tumor. Image credit: sarawakeyecare.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349585132-1ACD5DILE4AZ5PA4VRN5/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of a pleomorphic adenoma. The pseudocapsule is featured on the left (2), pushing the normal lacrimal gland tissue aside (1). Epithelial ducts (3) and calcification may be present (4), and chronic inflammation may be present along the edge of the pseudocapsule (5). Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349693924-07T0GUQBE2SQB1UKDAFU/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of pleomorphic adenoma. There are stromal elements (6) and epithelial hyaline/basement membrane material (7) present, as well as seromucinous material (8). Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349766569-QEYAFELJPPNHYJF3M6W2/Pleomorphic+adenoma+4.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of pleomorphic adenoma. There can be cartilaginous material (8) present, as well as hyaline/basement membrane material (9). Epithelial cells form cords and ducts (10). Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349873510-UL4B5QYWLXMYHWJH8W0C/Adenoid+cystic+carcinoma+1.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The characteristic description is the "swiss cheese" (cribriform) appearance, which is actually formed by back-to-back ducts with no intervening stroma (1). This is most common form, though there are other forms as well. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520349934638-V35N2W3FR9LO880Q2J0T/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma. This part of the tumor has far fewer ducts and is represented mostly by solid sheets of blue cells (basaloid cells), especially in the top portion of the image. This is characteristic of the basaloid variant, which carries a much worse prognosis. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520350001212-HZT7RPSL76CVSIGLIPEX/Adenoid+cystic+carcinoma+3.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma, basaloid type. This slide demonstrates perineural invasion. The blue basaloid cancer cells (3) have surrounded the normal nerve tissue (2). Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520350058552-LU2Q4OXHDBR0E8DP427C/Adenoid+cystic+carcinoma+4.jpg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma, cribriform type. This is another example of perineural invasion, but with the ductal cells (3) surrounding normal nerve tissue (4) rather than the blue basaloid cells. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520350115631-W199BS65E6ROA1MWXHLV/image-asset.jpeg Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors Histopathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma, basaloid type. This slide points out a mitotic figure (5), which suggests aggressive cancerous activity. Image credit: Mission For Vision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520352958694-8TU83YFDXQ6RBJNPEEC6/Lacrimal+gland+inflammation+table.png Articles - Lacrimal Gland Tumors https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/molluscum-contagiosum monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520282181152-GE1IDFQB76NTMAM32869/Molluscum+contagiosum+1.jpg Articles - Molluscum Contagiosum Image credit: derm101.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520282350048-UGXN31CCDYIQELLOH3V5/Molluscum+contagiosum+2.jpg Articles - Molluscum Contagiosum Image credit: drcharlesgeneslaw.files.wordpress.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520282467988-BAPGDR70BR4SYE5V7TXC/Molluscum+contagiosum+3.jpg Articles - Molluscum Contagiosum Histopathology of molluscum contagiosum. Note the increased thickness of the surrounding epithelium (acanthosis). Within the epithelium there are eosinophilic inclusion bodies (Henderson-Patterson bodies), which become more and more basophilic as it rises to the surface. Image credit: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520282776832-C9JH3PU5N7V3D78NZSHE/Molluscum+contagiosum+4.jpg Articles - Molluscum Contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum can cause follicular conjunctivitis, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of follicular conjunctivitis. Image credit: https://iliveok.com/sites/default/files/5_12.jpg https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/orbital-eyelid-anatomy monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520274836864-N675KUWKNS1335FUDGPK/Orbital+bone+5.jpg Articles - Orbital And Eyelid Anatomy Image credit: AccessLange: General Ophthalmology. Available online at Oculist. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520275357565-BW1NYQ0XVHN51VHT05TS/Eyelid+histology.gif Articles - Orbital And Eyelid Anatomy Histology of eyelid skin at the margin. Superiorly the keratinized squamous epithelium covers the orbicularis muscle. Note the hair follicles and glands, present within the epithelial and subepithelial layers. Posterior to the orbicularis muscle lies the orbital septum, with the conjunctival epithelium forming the posterior aspect of the eyelid. The muscle of Riolan, an extension of the orbital segment of the orbicularis ocular muscle which forms the gray line of the eyelid margin, is seen at the far right aspect of the slide. Image credit: StudyBlue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520275871591-EVTU6D1U0T8ED50Y7UCO/Orbicularis+oculi+muscle.jpg Articles - Orbital And Eyelid Anatomy The orbicularis oculi muscle. Image credit: healthfixit.com. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/keratoacanthoma monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520281456922-TV7CJHGXAVBOYY3Q4W3W/Keratoacanthoma+1.jpg Articles - Keratoacanthoma Image credit: aocd.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520281613569-IT7NLVNIRUSPINQ9JJE3/Keratoacanthoma+2.jpg Articles - Keratoacanthoma Histopathology of a keratoacanthoma. Note the significant keratin-filled crater (pink in the middle). Image credit: rdhmag.com. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/aniridia monthly 0.5 2018-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520276626865-GZSF5VUNXI2MHGZXIHBU/Aniridia+1.jpg Articles - Aniridia Image from AAPOS. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520276718872-3M8UCT00KN37OZZVKEIV/Aniridia+2+-+foveal+hypoplasia.jpg Articles - Aniridia OCT showing foveal hypoplasia. Aniridia is on the differential diagnosis for foveal hypoplasia. Image credit: University of Michigan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520276901064-E1OC7MWTD634GPECII1X/Aniridia+3+-+limbal+stem+cell+deficiency.jpg Articles - Aniridia Limbal stem cell deficiency may be present in aniridia. In mild cases this may appear as corneal pannus, but in more severe cases the entire cornea may become opaque. Image credit: Harvard University, Digital Journal of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520277234016-6G29H0RIEQC3U69OBGFV/Aniridia+4.jpg Articles - Aniridia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520277355414-TJYKUB31MXSBDCLHDDLE/Aniridia+5.jpg Articles - Aniridia https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/article-review-5-resources-okap monthly 0.5 2018-03-05 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/adverse-effects-medications monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520232468282-83JNLSG4VPV9XX2IDPR5/Cipro-Corneal-deposits.JPG Articles - Adverse Effects Of Select Medications Ciprofloxacin corneal deposits. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520232900742-FKE0WMWH7UIFHTIYS9OT/CMV+retinitis.jpg Articles - Adverse Effects Of Select Medications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520267266137-12DPNA6ZQYJF570AUNFB/minocycline+papilledema.jpg Articles - Adverse Effects Of Select Medications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520267446541-O3AXRLZU53DDEGBA98E5/endophthalmitis.jpg Articles - Adverse Effects Of Select Medications https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/hypertension monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/carotid-occlusive-disease monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/pathophysiology-infectious-disease monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520008577080-81PVXGZDWCYTQLFZRR2P/Infectous-Crystalline-Keratopathy-EyeRounds.jpg Articles - Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases Infectious crystalline keratopathy. S. viridans is sequestered from the immune system due to its surrounding glycocalyx and biofilm production. Image credit: University of Iowa, EyeRounds https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520008816945-4JG83QQYH58N54QXMRQR/Blebitis.jpg Articles - Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases Blebitis. H. influenzae, though waning in prevalence due to an effective vaccine based on its capsular polysaccharide antigens, remains the most common pathogen implicated in blebitis. Image credit: Review of Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1520009616004-PUJPGCEG91RMEIEWLAFI/Syphilis+gumma.jpg Articles - Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases Histopathology of syphilitic gumma. Note the area of necrotic tissue (top right) surrounded by lymphocytic inflammation (small round blue cells in the bottom left). Image credit: YouTube. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/hiv-aids monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519815307470-BHPOZ3X8GBZNDLSWDAZE/HIV+illustration.jpg Articles - HIV And AIDS Illustration of HIV. Image from: Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519815424008-9HRX0I6Z12RSYUO6H0CA/HIV+retinopathy.jpg Articles - HIV And AIDS HIV retinopathy. HIV retinopathy is the most common ocular manifestation of HIV, and is in the differential diagnosis of multiple cotton-wool spots. Image from: AAO https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/okap-review-introduction monthly 0.5 2018-03-17 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/visual-fields-introduction monthly 0.5 2018-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519792490275-P3R76VHKYSV0W4JYU4AM/shiny.gif Articles - Visual Fields: Introduction Image credit: https://beckysblogs.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/shiny.gif https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519792636098-LRDR159A7PEVDZ0T44BH/visualfield1.gif Articles - Visual Fields: Introduction Diagram of horizontal and vertical visual field extents. Image from the University of Edinburgh, Scottish Sensory Centre. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/high-yield-overview-vkc monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/6-tips-for-learning-ophthalmology monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519764895105-KPD91ON1LAKAK2VSLU8O/Calvin+and+Hobbes+1.gif Articles - 6 Tips For Learning Ophthalmology Image from: https://eebatou.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/ch1.gif https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519765006479-UNY2SQCB3N3PXG6ZIFAP/Calvin+and+Hobbes+2.gif Articles - 6 Tips For Learning Ophthalmology I often feel this way after a study session. Image from: http://lindsaypotts.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/1/1/15112226/5723495.gif?869 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519765310795-2YRHOT7F7VMXK6Q4YX9R/Study+example.jpg Articles - 6 Tips For Learning Ophthalmology I did the combination of underlining and scratching out notes in the margin. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/orbital-roof monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763403055-QK3TJY0MG43UC4KW9JLE/Orbital+roof+1.png Articles - Orbital Roof The right orbit. Each bone is a separate color, and labeled. Image from StudyBlue.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763592032-0OK2LBT1U9IHJZUK35UI/Orbital+roof+2.gif Articles - Orbital Roof Illustration of the orbital roof demonstrating the position of the trochlea and lacrimal gland fossa relative to the medial and lateral aspects of the orbit. Image from AOFoundation.com (3) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763752959-UET7HM1RUSD7Z2L1UTPG/Orbital+roof+3.jpg Articles - Orbital Roof Bony features of the orbit. Image from Medscape. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/orbital-bones monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519762944405-IS1FEPTQKP5PR5AY9678/Orbital+bones+1.jpg Articles - Orbital Bones Bones of the orbit and some of the major landmarks. Image from candelalearning.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763015195-WB0VKQ1YGK1FWDAWPZ2R/Orbital+bones+2.jpg Articles - Orbital Bones Orbital bones. Image from AccessLange: General Ophthalmology. Available online from Oculist. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763066871-PBHXSG0OMJ3LS8DSPEAI/Orbital+bones+3.jpg Articles - Orbital Bones Right bony orbit. Image from imagekb.com, courtesy of Google Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519763099318-R2WWJKFBMJH3OCD4ZEZM/Orbital+bones+4.jpg Articles - Orbital Bones Right bony orbit. Image from Medscape, courtesy Google Images. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/orbital-dimensions monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/whitnalls-tubercle monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519760341731-TY1Q8EC9XCP4STOAOI17/Whitnall+Tubercle+1.jpg Articles - Whitnall's Tubercle Orbital bony structures without soft-tissue attachments. Image from Medscape. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/4-tips-for-beginning-residency monthly 0.5 2018-03-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/classification-of-npdr monthly 0.5 2018-02-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519677021394-C9ILUYF26UZOEFE0NKIF/Fundus_photograph_of_normal_right_eye.jpg Articles - Classification Of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - No Retinopathy Image from Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519678367177-U7607L6XKHA5GZ4EFF8Y/Mild+NPDR.jpg Articles - Classification Of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - Mild NPDR There are a few cotton-wool spots and intraretinal hemorrhages in this photograph, which doesn't really fit the ETDRS/International classification for true mild NPDR. Still, many who look at this photograph might still call this mild NPDR, because while there are multiple hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots, there are still < 20 per quadrant. This looser interpretation is mentioned in Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. Image from Flickr. Photo credit: Clare Gilbert Published in: Community Eye Health Journal Vol. 24, No. 75, September 2011 (www.cehjournal.org) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519679212004-2NNKNXM7L0N8XQT0VPER/Moderate+NPDR.jpg Articles - Classification Of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Image from Flickr. Photo credit: ICEH. Published in: Community Eye Health Journal Vol. 24, No. 75, September 2011 (www.cehjournal.org) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519679541521-UO2R5U77HYLB1Y5MKZDV/Severe+NPDR.jpg Articles - Classification Of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Image from Flickr. Photo credit: ICEH. Published in: Community Eye Health Journal Vol. 24, No. 75, September 2011 (www.cehjournal.org) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519679978313-RVMZKE0D7J5U40UJ36YH/Very+severe+NPDR.jpg Articles - Classification Of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Image from Flickr. Photo credit: Clare Gilbert. Published in: Community Eye Health Journal Vol. 24, No. 75, September 2011 (www.cehjournal.org) https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/how-i-learned-diabetic-retinopathy monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/review-top-resources-for-okap monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/reading-the-bcsc-fundamentals-chapter-1 monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/the-8-causes-of-tunnel-visual-fields monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1518668537163-7U4LBMLWQUXV5153H2KB/jnnp-2001-June-70-6-787-F1.large+%28vigabatrin+tunnel+visual+fields%29.jpg Articles - The 8 Causes of Tunnel Visual Fields Visual field loss in vigabatrin demonstrating bilateral tunnel visual fields. (Ravindran et al) https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/another-approach-to-okap-study monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/corneal-dystrophies-recurrent-erosions monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1518404354040-EOK58URVHNPZLWJK654P/Lattice_corneal_dystrophy_type_1.JPEG Articles - Corneal Dystrophies Presenting as Recurrent Erosions Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1. Image from Wikipedia. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/leukocoria-mnemonic monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1518404575830-XG1ULOAPCTDGYJQYBGKJ/Rb_whiteeye.PNG Articles - Causes of Leukocoria: CREAM PIGMENT A child with esotropia and left leukocoria from retinoblastoma. Image from Wikipedia. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Study+Tips monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Picmonics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Differential+Diagnosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Optics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Pharmacology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Guest+Post monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Mnemonics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Clinical+Disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Embryology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Most+Commons monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Diagnostic+Testing monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Genetics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/category/Resources monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Yanoff monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/annulus+of+Zinn monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+bones monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/muscle+of+Riolan monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+roof+fractures monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/cryptophthalmos monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/von+Hippel-Lindau+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/atopic+dermatitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+nerve+glioma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Leber%27s+congenital+amaurosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Moraxella monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/supraorbital+notch monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/toxoplasmosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/practice+guidelines monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/herpesvirus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/epidemic+keratoconjunctivitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ocular+tilt+reaction monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ethmoid+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/encephalotrigeminal+angiomatosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbit monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/practice+questions monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CN3+palsy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+nerve+sheath+meningioma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/plexiform+neurofibroma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/astrocytic+hamartoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/trauma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Goldenhar+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/iris monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/diagnostic+testing monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/chlamydia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/conjunctiva monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pheochromocytoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/congenital+glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/morning+glory+disc+anomaly monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Bloch-Sulzberger+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/macrosquare-wave+jerks monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/frontal+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Newcastle+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Alport+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Muller+muscle monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CHARGE+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Wyburn-Mason+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/preferred+practice+patterns monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+disc+drusen monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Bourneville+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/de+Morsier+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/nystagmus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/levator+aponeurosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ankylosing+spondylitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/myasthenia+gravis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/panretinal+photocoagulation monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbicularis+oculi monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/BCSC monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Treacher+Collins-Franceschetti+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pseudotumor+cerebri monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/transient+monocular+visual+loss monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+floor monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/myelinated+nerve+fiber+layer monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/incontinentia+pigmenti monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/levator+palpebrae monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/calcific+band+keratopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sclera monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/eyelid+margin monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/anterior+uveitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/keratoconus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/cataract monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/parasympathetic+nervous+system monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Hudson-St%C3%A4hli+line monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/cerebral+venous+thrombosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/primary+open+angle+glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/vigabatrin monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/collagen monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/transient+ischemic+attack monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pleomorphic+adenoma+of+lacrimal+gland monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Louis-Bar+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ciliary+body monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/coloboma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/aniridia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Sturge-Weber+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/convergence+insufficiency monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/IgG4-related+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/serous+retinal+detachment monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+foramen monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ectopia+lentis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+apex+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/basal+encephalocele monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Edinger-Westphal+nucleus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/corneal+dystrophies monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Gillespie+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinochoroidal+shunts monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Lyme+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+nerve+coloboma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lacrimal+gland monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ophthalmic+pathology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/osteogenesis+imperfecta monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Lockwood+suspensory+ligament monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinoblastoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/epithelial+basement+membrane+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/palatine+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Aicardi+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/microphthalmos monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/tilted+optic+nerve monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/PHACE+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/superior+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/immunology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/nanophthalmos monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/vernal+keratoconjunctivitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Ehlers-Danlos+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/macular+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/molluscum+contagiosum monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/epidermolysis+bullosa monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Foster+Kennedy+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Plaquenil monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/AIDS monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/PAX6 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/conjunctival+squamous+papilloma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Reis-Buckler+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/superior+orbital+fissure monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Whitnall%27s+tubercle monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/albinism monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Horner+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pediatric+ophthalmology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+neuritis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/fusion monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/encephalofacial+angiomatosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/myopia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Pneumocystis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/familial+exudative+vitreoretinopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/treponema+pallidum monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/psoriatic+arthritis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/mumps monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/POEMS monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ciliary+ganglion monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+dimensions monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/keratoacanthoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/brimonidine monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/prisms monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/HIV+retinopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/symblepharon monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lens monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/adenoid+cystic+carcinoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/diplopia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/posterior+polymorphous+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/medial+orbital+wall monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinal+coloboma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Nail-Patella+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/telecanthus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/toxic+optic+neuropathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lumbar+puncture monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optociliary+shunts monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Duane+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/doll%27s+head monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/acute+hemorrhagic+conjunctivitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Perls+Prussian+blue monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Wills+Eye+Manual monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/exudative+retinal+detachment monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CMV+retinitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/stroke monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+rectus+check+ligament monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Fuchs+heterochromic+iridocyclitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retrobulbar+injection monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sella+turcica monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/foveal+hypoplasia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ANCA-associated+diseases monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/racemose+angioma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/intracranial+pressure monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/epicanthal+folds monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ocular+cicatricial+pemphigoid monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/nonspecific+orbital+inflammation monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lacrimal+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/mnemonics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/endophthalmitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/posterior+communicating+artery+aneurysm monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/hypertension monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/congenital+optic+neuropathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Meesmann+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+nerve+hypoplasia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/maxillary+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/cornea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/superior+segmental+optic+nerve+hypoplasia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/conjunctival+burns monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/superior+orbital+fissure+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/papilledema monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Ferry+line monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/hyphema monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/von+Recklinghausen+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/hydroxychloroquine monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/supraorbital+foramen monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/open+angle+glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pigment+dispersion+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/games monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/depositions monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/neurofibromatosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sclerocornea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/nasociliary+nerve monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/vascular+retinopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Fleischer+ring monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Norrie+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/cotton-wool+spots monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/herpes+zoster monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/haemophilus+influenzae monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lamina+cribrosa monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CN4 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Stocker+line monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/IIH monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/atopic+keratoconjunctivitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CN3 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+tarsal+strip monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CN6 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sarcoidosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/CN5 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/uveitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Whitnall%27s+ligament monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/achromatopsia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/most+common monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/OKAP monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Coats+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/strabismus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/WAGR+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+septum monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/opening+pressure monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+pit monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/porphyria+cutanea+tarda monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/neuroanatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/short+ciliary+nerves monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+nerve monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/fundamentals monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/iron+lines monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/gonorrhea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/carotid+occlusive+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/toxic+retinopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+orbital+wall monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Thiel-Behnke+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ocular+ischemic+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/vestibular-ocular+reflex monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sphenoid+wing+meningoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Stickler+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/chloroquine monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/giant+cell+arteritis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/fetal+alcohol+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/microcornea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/inferior+orbital+fissure monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/carotid+stenosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/embryology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/divergence+insufficiency monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/rosacea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pseudopemphigoid monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Mycobacterium+avium monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/neuro-ophthalmology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/syphilis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sphenoid+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/iris+sphincter monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optokinetic+system monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/streptococcus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/microspherophakia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/HIV monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinitis+pigmentosa monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Peters+anomaly monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/functional+visual+loss monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/websites monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/granular+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/moyamoya+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/residency monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pseudomonas+aeruginosa monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/basement+membrane monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/eyelid monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/central+retinal+vein+occlusion monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ETDRS monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+roof monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+palpebral+ligament monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/degeneration monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/skew+deviation monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/binocular+eye+movements monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ocular+motor+apraxia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/persistent+fetal+vasculature monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/phakomatosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/megalocornea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/staphylococcus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pharmacology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Wilms+tumor monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/adenovirus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ulcerative+colitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/follicular+conjunctivitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/exotropia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/choroidal+melanoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/zygomatic+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/topiramate monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/esotropia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/perineural+invasion monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/congenital+nystagmus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/angular+blepharitis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/septo-optic+dysplasia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pseudoexfoliation+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ptosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/myelotoxicity monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/diabetic+retinopathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/idiopathic+intracranial+hypertension monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/topless+disc+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/general+medicine monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/medulloepithelioma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinal+angiomatosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Crohn+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/toxocariasis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/oculodermal+melanocytosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lateral+medullary+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Fuchs+endothelial+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/lattice+corneal+dystrophy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/borrelia+burgdorferi monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/bitemporal+hemianopia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Stevens-Johnson+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/inferior+oblique+muscle monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+canal monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/nasolacrimal+duct monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/bartonella+henselae monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/xeroderma+pigmentosum monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/pituitary+gland monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/textbooks monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/iris+coloboma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retinopathy+of+prematurity monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/visual+fields monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Kaposi+sarcoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/genetics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/long+ciliary+nerves monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/juvenile+xanthogranuloma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/retina monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/porphyria monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Nevus+of+Ota monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/angle+closure+glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/hypertelorism monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/vitamin+A+deficiency monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Kanski monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+lymphoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/thyroid+eye+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/orbital+apex monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/scleral+rupture monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/sympathetic+nervous+system monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Oral+Board+Exam monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/optic+neuropathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/HLA-B27 monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Written+Qualifying+Exam monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/trochlea monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/anterior+segment+dysgenesis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/ataxia-telangiectasia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/benign+mixed+tumor+of+lacrimal+gland monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/anisocoria monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/NPDR monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/infectious+disease monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/headache monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/normal+tension+glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/measles monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/tag/Axenfeld-Rieger+syndrome monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/review-of-ophthalmology-3rd-ed monthly 0.5 2021-10-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1630518538306-HIEG2HTY5GFE3OBK6I6G/reviewofophthscreen.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Review of Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition - Make it stand out Screenshot from the 3rd edition of Review of Ophthalmology (eBook version). https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/book-review-make-it-stick monthly 0.5 2021-08-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1571913492563-FDE6ZJCTXPWR2UYZM0ZA/Make+It+Stick+cover.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Make It Stick https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/book-review-clinical-optics-made-easy monthly 0.5 2018-04-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1525087577791-KSBND68MA0QVNYH31L0G/Clinical+Optics+Made+Easy+cover.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Clinical Optics Made Easy https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/book-review-kanski-8e monthly 0.5 2018-04-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1525087531863-AXUX8EJJ20O6B0UMWXWW/Kanski+8e+cover.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, 8th Edition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519767423074-QUAUGN2MXNE6TLOYHH9E/Kanski+7e.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, 8th Edition Example of the 7th edition of Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519767471447-F8OHPEMYVR70DII89DHI/Kanski+8e.jpg Recommended Reading - Book Review: Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, 8th Edition Example of the same topic in the 8th edition of Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/essential-reading monthly 0.5 2018-02-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/top-online-ophthalmology-review-websites monthly 0.5 2018-03-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/glaucoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/neuro-ophthalmology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/websites monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/Wills+Eye+Manual monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/learning monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/ophthalmic+pathology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/study+habits monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/optics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/textbooks monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/BCSC monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources/tag/Kanski monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar daily 0.75 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-registration-spring2021 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registration2020 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registration2020late monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/okap-2020 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registrationfall2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registrationfall2019late monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-registration-spring2020 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-spring2020 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-fall2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/okap-2019 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/okap-registration-2019 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-spring2018 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-fall2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-spring2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-registration-fall2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-registration-spring2019 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-fall2018 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/obe-registration-fall2018 monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe2019 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registration2018late monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/wqe-registration2018 monthly 0.5 2019-05-24 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/okap-exam-2018 monthly 0.5 2018-02-15 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/kanskis-clinical-ophthalmology-8th-edition-released monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521653955332-QC8KJVOS6JA200FG95WE/Kanski+8e+cover.jpg Calendar - Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, 8th Edition Released Image from Amazon.com https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/calendar/oral-board-examination-spring-2015 monthly 0.5 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/okap-reading-schedule-blog daily 0.75 2018-02-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions daily 0.75 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/orbital-anatomy-answers monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/jeopardy-fundamentals-1 monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/orbital-anatomy-questions monthly 0.5 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/tag/genetics monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/tag/anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/review-questions/tag/orbit monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/neuro daily 0.75 2019-07-25 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/neuro/how-quickly-does-papilledema-manifest-in-intracranial-hypertension monthly 0.5 2019-07-25 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/neuro/category/Optic+Neuropathy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/neuro/tag/papilledema monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/neuro/tag/intracranial+hypertension monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/reading-the-bcsc daily 0.75 2018-03-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-reading-calendar daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/journal-review daily 0.75 2021-11-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/journal-review/category/Neuro-Ophthalmology monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals daily 0.75 2019-08-19 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/eyelid-anatomy monthly 0.5 2022-11-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562928450105-63XI0VG6M5WUDHB37K73/Eyelid+measurements.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563420221575-PG8XXCQX8L4XRAUHJ8L1/Levator+function+test+%28AA0_56268%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Levator. function test. The position of the upper eyelid margin is noted in downgaze by the 1 cm hash (A), and then in upgaze without activation of the frontalis muscle (B). In this patient with ptosis, the levator excursion is approximately 5 mm. Normal levator function is approximately 15 mm. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563186558018-NA33ZE3Q4T2KJ7A0LONL/Eyelid+margin+anatomy+%28plasticsurgerykey%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy The eyelid margin. This diagram demonstrates the conceptual split between the anterior lamella (skin and orbicularis, right side) and posterior lamella (tarsus and conjunctiva, left side) of the eyelid. The gray line, which is the muscle of Riolan (the most superficial aspect of the orbicularis muscle), is also shown. Note that this is just anterior to the meibomian gland orifces, which come from the tarsus. Image credit: plasticsurgerykey.com (available online), used for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563419537212-OLO2FR6FGRJSPBVKXYLM/Eyelid+cross-section+%28AA0_53917%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Cross-section of the upper eyelid. Image credit: Illustration by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563419753240-CY7R750BYG1562GBKLZ0/Eyelid+skin+diagram.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Eyelid creases (folds). The levator palpebrae superioris (red) has firm attachments to anterior aspect of the tarsus, approximately 3 mm superior to the eyelid margin. At Whitnall ligament it splits into the levator aponeurosis (blue) and the superior tarsal (Müller) muscle (green), which inserts at the superior border of the tarsus. In non-Asians, there are some attachments to the superior aspect of the tarsus, which forms a superior eyelid crease. In Asians, these attachments are not present, and so the superior eyelid crease is not present and the crease associated with the firm attachments 3 mm superior to the eyelid margin is more prominent. Image credit: Modified from illustration by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563111536512-G3VX5WHG8W9HG3H1NMNL/Preseptal+cellulitis+%28AA0_55479%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Preseptal cellulitis. The significant eyelid swelling is caused by accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Image credit: Courtesy of Dr. Richard C. Allen, M.D., Ph.D., FACS. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563187193094-42Z7I5GH90DAICZQDP8X/Orbicularis+oculi+muscle.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Orbicularis oculi muscle. There are two main segments of the orbicularis oculi - orbital and palpebral. The medial palpebral (canthal) tendon and lateral palpebral (canthal) tendon are strongly attached to the orbicularis muscle. Image credit: healthfixit.com (available online). Used for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563187537804-L8P6M3T7DMABK4VDWXX0/Orbicularis+oculi+%28plastic+surgery%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Orbicularis oculi muscle. The palpebral segment of the orbicularis oculi muscle can be further subdivided into the preseptal and pretarsal segments. Image credit: Modified from Codner MA, Burke RM. Chapter 46: Blepharoplasty. In: Plastic Surgery. doctorlib.info. Available online. Used for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563533329700-K9WSLLLSW6WBL1X4PXL9/Whitnall+ligament+%28AA0_62034%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Levator palpebrae superioris and Whitnall ligament. A) Diagram showing surrounding structures (right eye). B) During ptosis surgery, the Whitnall ligament is seen as a horizontal white line in the fascia (black arrow). The preaponeurotic fat is superior to the ligament (blue arrow). Whitnall ligament divides the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the levator aponeurosis anteriorly (white arrow), and Müller muscle posteriorly (not seen). C) Eyelid structures and their position within the orbit (right eye). Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563534462250-B43N5WE7KGY7TMDQCUL4/Horner+syndrome+%28AA0_15182%29+edited.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Horner syndrome. Note that there is both upper eyelid ptosis (green arrow) and lower eyelid ptosis (red arrow). The right pupil is smaller than the left pupil (miosis), as a result of loss of the sympathetic tone to the right pupil. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563634191265-YQ0US8B0513J40NMBHBF/Lateral+tarsal+strip+%28AA0_56283%29+edited.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Lateral tarsal strip procedure. A. Lateral stretching of the eyelid demonstrates the potential of lower eyelid tightening. B. Lateral tarsal strip procedure: anchoring of tarsal strip to periosteum inside the lateral orbital rim. Image credit: Images in A courtesy of Bobby S. Korn, M.D., Ph.D. Illustration (B) by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563635767802-6A7K10DBO3GVB7GY4NXA/Eyelid+margin+anatomy+%28AA0_3356%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Eyelid margin anatomy. Image credit: Illustration by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1563640636884-OD1UB1FUNYB0DMYLO9CC/Eyelid+vascular+anatomy+%28plasticsurgerykey%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Eyelid vascular anatomy, left eye. The eyelids are supplied by a robust and complex system of vessels that arise from both the external and internal carotid artery systems. Image credit: plasticsurgerykey.com (available online). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1566210986184-8E5617QL4EXL3NIYMV50/Accessory+Eyelid+Structures+%28Gray1205-Wikipedia%29.png BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Eyelid Anatomy Accessory eyelid structures. The caruncle is the small fleshy, ovoid structure medial to the plica semilunaris. The plica semilunaris is a crescent-shaped fold of conjunctiva rich in goblet cells and is analogous to the nictitating membrane of other animals. Image credit: Carter HV, Gray H (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body. Bartleby.com: Gray’s Anatomy, Plate 1205. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/eom-anatomy monthly 0.5 2019-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562606352786-6VFL19TQ4DN7MF5LCRWD/EOM+insertions+%28AA0_62085%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Extraocular Muscle Anatomy Orbit, right eye, demonstrating the extraocular muscle insertions. The four rectus muscles originate from the tendinous ring called the Annulus of Zinn, which lies just anterior to the superior orbital fissure which is straddled by the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. The superior oblique muscle arises from the periosteum of the body of the sphenoid bone. The inferior oblique muscle arises from the medial orbital floor adjacent to the lacrimal fossa. The levator palpebrae superioris originates from the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Modified and used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562581603001-OK238UK9AUHF3KCES5JE/Spiral+of+Tillaux+%28AA0_54747%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Extraocular Muscle Anatomy Spiral of Tillaux, right eye. Note that the insertion distances, given in millimeters, are maximum values. Insertion distances vary in individuals. Image credit: Illustration by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562715883163-0FCJUNXK5EGWTOU60WQ7/EOM+orientation+right+eye+%28AA0_5719%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Extraocular Muscle Anatomy Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562716118984-1T2FKS4J7W5SCBBALSXV/EOM+actions+%28AA0_54180%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Extraocular Muscle Anatomy Image credit: Illustration by Christine Gralapp. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562716974253-P1DNHMA79A4DZ2240Z7E/Cardinal+positions+of+gaze+%28AA0_12281%29.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Extraocular Muscle Anatomy Cardinal positions of gaze. Motility diagrams are typically drawn to reflect the actions of the extraocular muscles in the cardinal positions. Image credit: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Used with permission for educational purposes. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/ciliary-ganglion monthly 0.5 2019-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562324675131-A908LYEK0S538AWEN3SP/Lateral_orbit_nerves.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Ciliary Ganglion https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/orbital-anatomy monthly 0.5 2019-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1562256921578-DN2ZIQNA0XZEVI1BSTIE/Orbital+bones+1.jpg BCSC Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology - Orbital Anatomy https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/category/Anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/ciliary+ganglion monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/orbital+dimensions monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/orbital+bones monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/maxillary+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/eyelid monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/levator+palpebrae+superioris monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/medial+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/cranial+nerves monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/parasympathetic+nerves monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/lateral+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/palatine+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/palpebral+fissure monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/CN+IV monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/superior+oblique monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/ethmoid+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/orbit monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/CN+III monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/superior+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/CN+VI monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/sympathetic+nerves monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/zygomatic+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/ptosis monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/inferior+rectus monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/sphenoid+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/eyelid+anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/frontal+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/inferior+oblique monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/orbital+anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/lacrimal+bone monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/trigeminal+nerve monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/oculomotor+nerve monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/spiral+of+Tillaux monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/CN+V monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-fundamentals/tag/extraocular+muscles monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation daily 0.75 2019-08-28 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/vf-vascular-vs-tumors monthly 0.5 2019-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1568211514353-TLM3Q7HRFJKYYX7LVH65/Left+homonymous+hemianopia+%28stroke%29.png Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation - Visual Field Defects In Vascular Lesions vs. Tumors Left homonymous hemianopia (stroke). Note that the left superior quadrant in each eye has a sharp decrease in the sensitivity between the non-seeing area and the seeing area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1568211706814-KRDAY7Y7YLFRA2RN8G11/Bitemporal+hemianopia+%28pituitary+adenoma%29.png Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation - Visual Field Defects In Vascular Lesions vs. Tumors Bitemporal hemianopia, left worse than right (pituitary adenoma). Note that visual field loss still respects the vertical midline but the depression is not as severe compared to the loss in a stroke. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/age-related-temporal-visual-field-constriction monthly 0.5 2019-08-28 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/introduction-to-perimetry monthly 0.5 2019-08-28 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/category/Visual+Field+Defects monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/bitemporal+hemianopia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/scotoma monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/kinetic+perimetry monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/temporal+visual+field monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/static+perimetry monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/pituitary+tumor monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/suprathreshold monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/optic+chiasm monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/threshold monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/isopter monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/crossing+isopters monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/visual-fields-examination-and-interpretation/tag/homonymous+hemianopia monthly 0.5 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/directory daily 0.75 2022-12-28 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/wqe-types-of-questions daily 0.75 2018-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1518472331955-SKFCANFUPVPL7KA34H69/hyphema-1-LRG+%28eyerounds%29.jpg Types Of Questions Image from University of Iowa, EyeRounds https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519794626556-QFVXIQ5GCYJOKBBMYPSA/cecocentral+defects.png Types Of Questions Image from: University of Stanford, Department of Ophthalmology. Posted by tcooper. Case first described in: Newman, NJ. Treatment of hereditary optic neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012:8;545–556. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1519795578192-UFWAVHDEWL0DLMLKFMI1/Aniridia+11+-+foveal+hypoplasia+%28EyeRounds%29.jpg Types Of Questions Image from: Goetz K, Vislisel JM, Raecker ME, Goins KM. Congenital Aniridia. March 10, 2015; Available from: http://EyeRounds.org/cases/211-Aniridia.htm https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/about-us daily 0.75 2018-02-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/wqe-overview daily 0.75 2018-03-27 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/contact daily 0.75 2018-02-11 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/links daily 0.75 2018-02-11 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/reading-schedules daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1522233814907-YUGV08MHO4XE077OYFBT/BCSC+2017-2018+cover.jpg Reading Schedules https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1522233868417-NSRY9J448D683PMTRH3C/ABOP+logo+%28no+words%29.png Reading Schedules https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1522234455186-H6TFRMGFTMY5DSB8P8BA/ABOP+logo+%28no+words%29.png Reading Schedules https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/donate daily 0.75 2018-04-09 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/written-qualifying-exam daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-itinerary daily 0.75 2018-03-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-overview daily 0.75 2018-03-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/reading-the-bcsc-main daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/oral-board-exam daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/topic-outline daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/okap-exam daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-study-plan daily 0.75 2018-03-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-resources daily 0.75 2018-03-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/wqe-content daily 0.75 2018-04-02 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/bcsc-reading-schedule daily 0.75 2021-03-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/subscribe daily 0.75 2021-03-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-content daily 0.75 2018-03-26 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/reviews-by-topic daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/obe-content-outline daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/anatomy daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/table-of-contents daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/practice-questions daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/resources-page daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/okap-content-outline daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/research-studies daily 0.75 2018-03-22 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/privacy-and-terms-of-use daily 0.75 2018-05-25 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/textbook-readthroughs daily 0.75 2019-07-05 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/random-topic-generator daily 0.75 2024-05-21 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/random-walsh-generator daily 0.75 2022-02-13 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/webinars daily 0.75 2023-02-09 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products daily 0.75 2019-03-03 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/ophthalmology-frameworks-daily-calendar monthly 0.5 2024-10-01 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/glaucoma-study-guide monthly 0.5 2025-11-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1635862424339-RPQ0ANTH83YJZMIWB3ZR/OphthReview_logo_icon.png Products - Glaucoma Study Guide https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/cornea-study-guide monthly 0.5 2022-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1638993927478-JXDZ955UBVB147TGEL65/OphthReview_logo_icon+%28small%29.png Products - Cornea Study Guide https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/4pp714uhxie8p7vmy07obsc9o2zl6l monthly 0.5 2022-05-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1635862424339-RPQ0ANTH83YJZMIWB3ZR/OphthReview_logo_icon.png Products - Ophthalmology Study Topic Checklist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1635863064224-4RDDS6DLXYBNO4UB5SU1/Screen+Shot+2021-08-13+at+10.08.43+PM.png Products - Ophthalmology Study Topic Checklist - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/oculoplastics-study-guide monthly 0.5 2022-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1551642555052-XP9NTIVQCOJPRYPQYXQH/OphthReview_logo_icon.png Products - Oculoplastics Study Guide https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/ophthalmology-basics-study-guide monthly 0.5 2022-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1532967660300-VJ4CPCGD3OI8GNNWNCB7/OphthReview_logo_icon.png Products - Ophthalmology Basics Study Guide https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/neuro-ophthalmology-study-guide monthly 0.5 2022-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1525144459377-5O2X8ADZHDCO3FB08FUH/OphthReview_logo_icon.png Products - Neuro-Ophthalmology Study Guide https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/bcsc-reading-schedule-2020-2021 monthly 0.5 2020-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1522614665039-A9LAIJR83QYNON5AHJR9/Direct+Course+Icon+%28transparent+background%29.png Products - BCSC Reading Schedule, 2020-2021 https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/products/okap-topic-outline monthly 0.5 2019-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a7fb4b512abd9562d8a2a63/1521647404757-D9SSU30NO4W1W3ZC8HRI/Direct+Course+Icon+%28transparent+background%29.png Products - OKAP Topic Outline