eyelid

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Thyroid Eye Disease

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Thyroid Eye Disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves ophthalmopathy or thyroid-associated orbitopathy, is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit characterized by enlargement of extraocular muscles, expansion of orbital fat, and secondary effects on the eyelids, ocular surface, and optic nerve. (1, 2) Although most commonly associated with Graves disease, TED may also occur in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients, including those with Hashimoto thyroiditis, demonstrating that the autoimmune mechanisms underlying orbital inflammation are distinct from thyroid hormone status alone. (1, 2)

Oculoplastics Study Guide

I just released a new study guide for oculoplastics (orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal system) as part of my plan to format and release my notes from residency. It's been a slow process, but depending on the feedback and response I'll work on releasing study guides for other subjects within Ophthalmology!

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Orbital And Eyelid Anatomy

I'm going to shift gears a little bit and start reviews on some of the other sections.  I originally had planned to go in order of the BCSC sections and follow the OKAP content outline, but I realized that of all the sections to cover, General Medicine is one of the smallest sections in terms of content to know.  So while I will likely get back to it sometime in the future, I wanted to make sure the key subjects were discussed prior to the test.

There are many facts in the Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology section of the BCSC that will likely be tested as quick recall.  I promise, I will eventually provide numerous resources and tools to help remember these facts; for this article, I will try to cover the most important concepts.  I am intentionally leaving out details that may be more challenging to test (meaning I have a hard time coming up with a practice question about it).